Bed occupancy rate (BOR)
Occupied bed days ÷ Available bed days × 100
Available bed days = available beds × days in the period. Example: 3,150 occupied bed days ÷ (140 beds × 30 days = 4,200) × 100 = 75%. BOR calculator
Formulas
Hospital statistics formulas with examples.
Always use the same period for the numerator and the denominator, and count occupied bed days from the daily midnight census.
Average length of stay (ALOS)
Total inpatient days ÷ Total discharges (including deaths)
Example: 2,400 inpatient days ÷ 600 discharges = 4.0 days. ALOS calculator
Average daily census (ADC)
Total inpatient service days ÷ Number of days in the period
Example: 2,700 inpatient service days ÷ 30 days = 90 patients per day. ADC calculator
Bed turnover rate
Total discharges ÷ Average available beds
Example: 420 discharges ÷ 100 beds = 4.2 patients per bed in the period. Bed turnover calculator
Bed turnover interval
(Available bed days − Occupied bed days) ÷ Total discharges
The average number of days a bed stays empty between patients. Example: (3,000 − 2,400) ÷ 400 = 1.5 days. Bed turnover calculator
ARPOB
Net IPD revenue ÷ Occupied bed days
Use net revenue after discounts, refunds, cancellations and insurer deductions. Example: ₹2.9 crore ÷ 1,950 occupied bed days ≈ ₹14,900 per day. ARPOB calculator
Gross death rate
Total inpatient deaths ÷ Total discharges (including deaths) × 100
Example: 12 deaths ÷ 800 discharges × 100 = 1.5%.
Net death rate
(Inpatient deaths − Deaths within 48 hours of admission) ÷ (Discharges including deaths − Deaths within 48 hours) × 100
Excludes early deaths to reflect care after admission. Example: (12 − 4) ÷ (800 − 4) × 100 ≈ 1.0%.
OPD to IPD conversion ratio
IPD admissions from OPD ÷ OPD patients advised admission × 100
Measures how many patients advised admission are actually admitted. Conversion guide
Using the numbers
Read the formulas together, not one at a time.
Occupancy and ALOS
High occupancy with rising ALOS can mean slow discharges rather than more patients.
Occupancy and ARPOB
Full beds are not enough if each occupied bed earns less than it should.
Turnover and interval
A low turnover interval means beds are reused quickly; a high one means empty beds between patients.
Death rates
Compare net death rates over time and by department, and review definitions before comparing hospitals.
Track these numbers every day
Shucon MedAI agents watch occupancy, ALOS, ARPOB, leakage and claims continuously and tell each owner what needs action.
Frequently asked questions
Hospital statistics formulas: common questions
What is the formula for bed occupancy rate in a hospital?
Bed occupancy rate = occupied bed days ÷ available bed days × 100, where available bed days = available beds × days in the period.
What is the ALOS formula?
ALOS = total inpatient days ÷ total discharges, including deaths, for the same period.
What is the average daily census formula?
Average daily census = total inpatient service days ÷ number of days in the period.
What is the formula for bed turnover rate?
Bed turnover rate = total discharges ÷ average available beds for the period.
What is the difference between gross and net death rate?
Gross death rate counts all inpatient deaths against all discharges. Net death rate excludes deaths within 48 hours of admission from both the deaths and the discharges, to reflect care after admission.
Can I download these hospital statistics formulas as a PDF?
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Hospital KPIs
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